Sound+Files

media type="file" key="01 What's Going On.m4a" width="300" height="50" Gaye, Marvin. "What's Going On." Rec. June 1970. //What's Going On//. Al Cleveland, Marvin Gaye, Renaldo "Obie" Benson. Marvin Gaye, 1971. MP3.

media type="file" key="11 Beautiful.m4a" width="300" height="50" Christina, Aguilera. "Beautiful." Rec. 2001. //Stripped//. Aguilera, Christina. Perry, Linda, 2002. MP3

These are the the songs that contributed to the movie. They were used for educational purposes, will not be reporduced, and fall under the Educational Use guidelines:
 * Two concepts protect my use of these pieces of music: (1) They both were purchased & I haven't distributed any copies & nor distributed more than 10% of the work for non-educational purposes. (2) Please read below pertaining to teachers & music.

Reference:

"Stanford Copyright & Fair Use - Educational Uses of Non-coursepack Materials." //Stanford Copyright & Fair Use Center//. 2010. Web. 09 Mar. 2012. [].

Educational Fair Use Guidelines

Publishers and the academic community have established a set of educational fair use guidelines to provide “greater certainty and protection” for teachers. While the guidelines are not part of the federal Copyright Act, they are recognized by courts and the Copyright Office as minimum standards for fair use in education. A teacher or pupil following the guidelines can feel comfortable that a use falling within these guidelines is a permissible fair use and not an infringement.

The educational use guidelines can be found in Circular 21, provided by the Copyright Office.

Keep in mind that none of these guidelines permit creation of coursepacks. They only allow uses that involve copying much less material than in a coursepack. This section answers some basic questions about these guidelines.

In 2008, the Center for Social Media, in connection with American University, unveiled a guide of fair use practices for instructors in K–12 education, in higher education, in nonprofit organizations that offer programs for children and youth, and in adult education. The guide identifies five principles that represent acceptable practices for the fair use of copyrighted materials. You can learn more at the center’s website (www.centerforsocialmedia.org). Click “Resources.”

The educational guidelines are similar to a treaty that has been adopted by copyright owners and academics. Under this arrangement, copyright owners will permit uses that are outlined in the guidelines. In other fair use situations, the only way to prove that a use is permitted is to submit the matter to court or arbitration. In other words, in order to avoid lawsuits, the various parties have agreed on what is permissible for educational uses, codified in these guidelines.

The educational fair use guidelines apply to material used in educational institutions and for educational purposes. Examples of “educational institutions” include K-12 schools, colleges, and universities. Libraries, museums, hospitals, and other nonprofit institutions also are considered educational institutions under most educational fair use guidelines when they engage in nonprofit instructional, research, or scholarly activities for educational purposes.

“Educational purposes” are:


 * noncommercial instruction or curriculum-based teaching by educators to students at nonprofit educational institutions
 * planned noncommercial study or investigation directed toward making a contribution to a field of knowledge, or
 * presentation of research findings at noncommercial peer conferences, workshops, or seminars.

**Rules for Reproducing Music**
A music instructor can make copies of excerpts of sheet music or other printed works, provided that the excerpts do not constitute a “performable unit,” such as a whole song, section, movement, or aria. **In no case can more than 10% of the whole work be copied and the number of copies may not exceed one copy per pupil**. Printed copies that have been purchased may be edited or simplified provided that the fundamental character of the work is not distorted or the lyrics altered (or added to). A student may make a single recording of a performance of copyrighted music for evaluation or rehearsal purposes, and the educational institution or individual teacher may keep a copy. In addition, a single copy of a sound recording owned by an educational institution or an individual teacher (such as a tape, disc, or cassette) of copyrighted music may be made for the purpose of constructing aural exercises or examinations, and the educational institution or individual teacher can keep a copy. Instructors may not:
 * copy sheet music or recorded music for the purpose of creating anthologies or compilations used in class
 * copy from works intended to be “consumable” in the course of study or teaching such as workbooks, exercises, standardized tests and answer sheets, and like material
 * copy sheet music or recorded music for the purpose of performance, except for emergency copying to replace purchased copies which are not available for an imminent performance (provided purchased replacement copies are substituted in due course); or
 * copy any materials without including the copyright notice which appears on the printed copy.

*Rules for Recording and Showing Television Programs
The recording may be played once by each individual teacher in the course of related teaching activities in classrooms and similar places devoted to instruction (including formalized home instruction).** The recorded program can be repeated once if necessary, although there are no standards for determining what is and is not necessary. After 45 days, the recording must be erased or destroyed. A video recording of a broadcast can be made only at the request of and only used by individual teachers. A television show may not be regularly recorded in anticipation of requests—for example, a teacher cannot make a standing request to record each episode of a PBS series. Only enough copies may be reproduced from each recording to meet the needs of teachers, and the recordings may not be combined to create teaching compilations. All copies of a recording must include the copyright notice on the broadcast program as recorded and (as mentioned above) must be erased or destroyed after 45 days.

-Curetarrah Kennedi Witcher